It appears that passwords with the dollar sign in them are not being set correctly. I've tried setting it two ways and noticed the same behavior (note: this password is no longer in use):
vyos@cr01a-vyos# set system login user vyos authentication plaintext-password "HqNzXaK27k19$P5Q"
vyos@cr01a-vyos# set system login user vyos authentication plaintext-password HqNzXaK27k19$P5Q
Both of these result in the password HqNzXaK27k19 actually being set.