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util.py
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# Copyright 2020-2021 VyOS maintainers and contributors <maintainers@vyos.io>
#
# This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
# License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
# version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
#
# This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
# Lesser General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
# License along with this library. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
import os
import re
import sys
#
# NOTE: Do not import full classes here, move your import to the function
# where it is used so it is as local as possible to the execution
#
from subprocess import Popen
from subprocess import PIPE
from subprocess import STDOUT
from subprocess import DEVNULL
def popen(command, flag='', shell=None, input=None, timeout=None, env=None,
stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE, decode='utf-8'):
"""
popen is a wrapper helper aound subprocess.Popen
with it default setting it will return a tuple (out, err)
out: the output of the program run
err: the error code returned by the program
it can be affected by the following flags:
shell: do not try to auto-detect if a shell is required
for example if a pipe (|) or redirection (>, >>) is used
input: data to sent to the child process via STDIN
the data should be bytes but string will be converted
timeout: time after which the command will be considered to have failed
env: mapping that defines the environment variables for the new process
stdout: define how the output of the program should be handled
- PIPE (default), sends stdout to the output
- DEVNULL, discard the output
stderr: define how the output of the program should be handled
- None (default), send/merge the data to/with stderr
- PIPE, popen will append it to output
- STDOUT, send the data to be merged with stdout
- DEVNULL, discard the output
decode: specify the expected text encoding (utf-8, ascii, ...)
the default is explicitely utf-8 which is python's own default
usage:
get both stdout and stderr: popen('command', stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT)
discard stdout and get stderr: popen('command', stdout=DEVNUL, stderr=PIPE)
"""
# airbag must be left as an import in the function as otherwise we have a
# a circual import dependency
from vyos import debug
from vyos import airbag
# log if the flag is set, otherwise log if command is set
if not debug.enabled(flag):
flag = 'command'
cmd_msg = f"cmd '{command}'"
debug.message(cmd_msg, flag)
use_shell = shell
stdin = None
if shell is None:
use_shell = False
if ' ' in command:
use_shell = True
if env:
use_shell = True
if input:
stdin = PIPE
input = input.encode() if type(input) is str else input
p = Popen(command, stdin=stdin, stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr,
env=env, shell=use_shell)
pipe = p.communicate(input, timeout)
pipe_out = b''
if stdout == PIPE:
pipe_out = pipe[0]
pipe_err = b''
if stderr == PIPE:
pipe_err = pipe[1]
str_out = pipe_out.decode(decode).replace('\r\n', '\n').strip()
str_err = pipe_err.decode(decode).replace('\r\n', '\n').strip()
out_msg = f"returned (out):\n{str_out}"
if str_out:
debug.message(out_msg, flag)
if str_err:
err_msg = f"returned (err):\n{str_err}"
# this message will also be send to syslog via airbag
debug.message(err_msg, flag, destination=sys.stderr)
# should something go wrong, report this too via airbag
airbag.noteworthy(cmd_msg)
airbag.noteworthy(out_msg)
airbag.noteworthy(err_msg)
return str_out, p.returncode
def run(command, flag='', shell=None, input=None, timeout=None, env=None,
stdout=DEVNULL, stderr=PIPE, decode='utf-8'):
"""
A wrapper around popen, which discard the stdout and
will return the error code of a command
"""
_, code = popen(
command, flag,
stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr,
input=input, timeout=timeout,
env=env, shell=shell,
decode=decode,
)
return code
def cmd(command, flag='', shell=None, input=None, timeout=None, env=None,
stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE, decode='utf-8', raising=None, message='',
expect=[0]):
"""
A wrapper around popen, which returns the stdout and
will raise the error code of a command
raising: specify which call should be used when raising
the class should only require a string as parameter
(default is OSError) with the error code
expect: a list of error codes to consider as normal
"""
decoded, code = popen(
command, flag,
stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr,
input=input, timeout=timeout,
env=env, shell=shell,
decode=decode,
)
if code not in expect:
feedback = message + '\n' if message else ''
feedback += f'failed to run command: {command}\n'
feedback += f'returned: {decoded}\n'
feedback += f'exit code: {code}'
if raising is None:
# error code can be recovered with .errno
raise OSError(code, feedback)
else:
raise raising(feedback)
return decoded
def call(command, flag='', shell=None, input=None, timeout=None, env=None,
stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE, decode='utf-8'):
"""
A wrapper around popen, which print the stdout and
will return the error code of a command
"""
out, code = popen(
command, flag,
stdout=stdout, stderr=stderr,
input=input, timeout=timeout,
env=env, shell=shell,
decode=decode,
)
if out:
print(out)
return code
def read_file(fname, defaultonfailure=None):
"""
read the content of a file, stripping any end characters (space, newlines)
should defaultonfailure be not None, it is returned on failure to read
"""
try:
""" Read a file to string """
with open(fname, 'r') as f:
data = f.read().strip()
return data
except Exception as e:
if defaultonfailure is not None:
return defaultonfailure
raise e
def write_file(fname, data, defaultonfailure=None, user=None, group=None):
"""
Write content of data to given fname, should defaultonfailure be not None,
it is returned on failure to read.
If directory of file is not present, it is auto-created.
"""
dirname = os.path.dirname(fname)
if not os.path.isdir(dirname):
os.makedirs(dirname, mode=0o755, exist_ok=False)
chown(dirname, user, group)
try:
""" Write a file to string """
bytes = 0
with open(fname, 'w') as f:
bytes = f.write(data)
chown(fname, user, group)
return bytes
except Exception as e:
if defaultonfailure is not None:
return defaultonfailure
raise e
def read_json(fname, defaultonfailure=None):
"""
read and json decode the content of a file
should defaultonfailure be not None, it is returned on failure to read
"""
import json
try:
with open(fname, 'r') as f:
data = json.load(f)
return data
except Exception as e:
if defaultonfailure is not None:
return defaultonfailure
raise e
def chown(path, user, group):
""" change file/directory owner """
from pwd import getpwnam
from grp import getgrnam
if user is None or group is None:
return False
# path may also be an open file descriptor
if not isinstance(path, int) and not os.path.exists(path):
return False
uid = getpwnam(user).pw_uid
gid = getgrnam(group).gr_gid
os.chown(path, uid, gid)
return True
def chmod(path, bitmask):
# path may also be an open file descriptor
if not isinstance(path, int) and not os.path.exists(path):
return
if bitmask is None:
return
os.chmod(path, bitmask)
def chmod_600(path):
""" make file only read/writable by owner """
from stat import S_IRUSR, S_IWUSR
bitmask = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR
chmod(path, bitmask)
def chmod_750(path):
""" make file/directory only executable to user and group """
from stat import S_IRUSR, S_IWUSR, S_IXUSR, S_IRGRP, S_IXGRP
bitmask = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IXUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP
chmod(path, bitmask)
def chmod_755(path):
""" make file executable by all """
from stat import S_IRUSR, S_IWUSR, S_IXUSR, S_IRGRP, S_IXGRP, S_IROTH, S_IXOTH
bitmask = S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR | S_IXUSR | S_IRGRP | S_IXGRP | \
S_IROTH | S_IXOTH
chmod(path, bitmask)
def makedir(path, user=None, group=None):
if os.path.exists(path):
return
os.makedirs(path, mode=0o755)
chown(path, user, group)
def colon_separated_to_dict(data_string, uniquekeys=False):
""" Converts a string containing newline-separated entries
of colon-separated key-value pairs into a dict.
Such files are common in Linux /proc filesystem
Args:
data_string (str): data string
uniquekeys (bool): whether to insist that keys are unique or not
Returns: dict
Raises:
ValueError: if uniquekeys=True and the data string has
duplicate keys.
Note:
If uniquekeys=True, then dict entries are always strings,
otherwise they are always lists of strings.
"""
import re
key_value_re = re.compile('([^:]+)\s*\:\s*(.*)')
data_raw = re.split('\n', data_string)
data = {}
for l in data_raw:
l = l.strip()
if l:
match = re.match(key_value_re, l)
if match:
key = match.groups()[0].strip()
value = match.groups()[1].strip()
if key in data.keys():
if uniquekeys:
raise ValueError("Data string has duplicate keys: {0}".format(key))
else:
data[key].append(value)
else:
if uniquekeys:
data[key] = value
else:
data[key] = [value]
else:
pass
return data
def _mangle_dict_keys(data, regex, replacement, abs_path=[], no_tag_node_value_mangle=False, mod=0):
""" Mangles dict keys according to a regex and replacement character.
Some libraries like Jinja2 do not like certain characters in dict keys.
This function can be used for replacing all offending characters
with something acceptable.
Args:
data (dict): Original dict to mangle
Returns: dict
"""
from vyos.xml import is_tag
new_dict = {}
for key in data.keys():
save_mod = mod
save_path = abs_path[:]
abs_path.append(key)
if not is_tag(abs_path):
new_key = re.sub(regex, replacement, key)
else:
if mod%2:
new_key = key
else:
new_key = re.sub(regex, replacement, key)
if no_tag_node_value_mangle:
mod += 1
value = data[key]
if isinstance(value, dict):
new_dict[new_key] = _mangle_dict_keys(value, regex, replacement, abs_path=abs_path, mod=mod, no_tag_node_value_mangle=no_tag_node_value_mangle)
else:
new_dict[new_key] = value
mod = save_mod
abs_path = save_path[:]
return new_dict
def mangle_dict_keys(data, regex, replacement, abs_path=[], no_tag_node_value_mangle=False):
return _mangle_dict_keys(data, regex, replacement, abs_path=abs_path, no_tag_node_value_mangle=no_tag_node_value_mangle, mod=0)
def _get_sub_dict(d, lpath):
k = lpath[0]
if k not in d.keys():
return {}
c = {k: d[k]}
lpath = lpath[1:]
if not lpath:
return c
elif not isinstance(c[k], dict):
return {}
return _get_sub_dict(c[k], lpath)
def get_sub_dict(source, lpath, get_first_key=False):
""" Returns the sub-dict of a nested dict, defined by path of keys.
Args:
source (dict): Source dict to extract from
lpath (list[str]): sequence of keys
Returns: source, if lpath is empty, else
{key : source[..]..[key]} for key the last element of lpath, if exists
{} otherwise
"""
if not isinstance(source, dict):
raise TypeError("source must be of type dict")
if not isinstance(lpath, list):
raise TypeError("path must be of type list")
if not lpath:
return source
ret = _get_sub_dict(source, lpath)
if get_first_key and lpath and ret:
tmp = next(iter(ret.values()))
if not isinstance(tmp, dict):
raise TypeError("Data under node is not of type dict")
ret = tmp
return ret
def process_running(pid_file):
""" Checks if a process with PID in pid_file is running """
from psutil import pid_exists
if not os.path.isfile(pid_file):
return False
with open(pid_file, 'r') as f:
pid = f.read().strip()
return pid_exists(int(pid))
def process_named_running(name):
""" Checks if process with given name is running and returns its PID.
If Process is not running, return None
"""
from psutil import process_iter
for p in process_iter():
if name in p.name():
return p.pid
return None
def seconds_to_human(s, separator=""):
""" Converts number of seconds passed to a human-readable
interval such as 1w4d18h35m59s
"""
s = int(s)
week = 60 * 60 * 24 * 7
day = 60 * 60 * 24
hour = 60 * 60
remainder = 0
result = ""
weeks = s // week
if weeks > 0:
result = "{0}w".format(weeks)
s = s % week
days = s // day
if days > 0:
result = "{0}{1}{2}d".format(result, separator, days)
s = s % day
hours = s // hour
if hours > 0:
result = "{0}{1}{2}h".format(result, separator, hours)
s = s % hour
minutes = s // 60
if minutes > 0:
result = "{0}{1}{2}m".format(result, separator, minutes)
s = s % 60
seconds = s
if seconds > 0:
result = "{0}{1}{2}s".format(result, separator, seconds)
return result
def get_cfg_group_id():
from grp import getgrnam
from vyos.defaults import cfg_group
group_data = getgrnam(cfg_group)
return group_data.gr_gid
def file_is_persistent(path):
import re
location = r'^(/config|/opt/vyatta/etc/config)'
absolute = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(path))
return re.match(location,absolute)
def wait_for_inotify(file_path, pre_hook=None, event_type=None, timeout=None, sleep_interval=0.1):
""" Waits for an inotify event to occur """
if not os.path.dirname(file_path):
raise ValueError(
"File path {} does not have a directory part (required for inotify watching)".format(file_path))
if not os.path.basename(file_path):
raise ValueError(
"File path {} does not have a file part, do not know what to watch for".format(file_path))
from inotify.adapters import Inotify
from time import time
from time import sleep
time_start = time()
i = Inotify()
i.add_watch(os.path.dirname(file_path))
if pre_hook:
pre_hook()
for event in i.event_gen(yield_nones=True):
if (timeout is not None) and ((time() - time_start) > timeout):
# If the function didn't return until this point,
# the file failed to have been written to and closed within the timeout
raise OSError("Waiting for file {} to be written has failed".format(file_path))
# Most such events don't take much time, so it's better to check right away
# and sleep later.
if event is not None:
(_, type_names, path, filename) = event
if filename == os.path.basename(file_path):
if event_type in type_names:
return
sleep(sleep_interval)
def wait_for_file_write_complete(file_path, pre_hook=None, timeout=None, sleep_interval=0.1):
""" Waits for a process to close a file after opening it in write mode. """
wait_for_inotify(file_path,
event_type='IN_CLOSE_WRITE', pre_hook=pre_hook, timeout=timeout, sleep_interval=sleep_interval)
def commit_in_progress():
""" Not to be used in normal op mode scripts! """
# The CStore backend locks the config by opening a file
# The file is not removed after commit, so just checking
# if it exists is insufficient, we need to know if it's open by anyone
# There are two ways to check if any other process keeps a file open.
# The first one is to try opening it and see if the OS objects.
# That's faster but prone to race conditions and can be intrusive.
# The other one is to actually check if any process keeps it open.
# It's non-intrusive but needs root permissions, else you can't check
# processes of other users.
#
# Since this will be used in scripts that modify the config outside of the CLI
# framework, those knowingly have root permissions.
# For everything else, we add a safeguard.
from psutil import process_iter
from psutil import NoSuchProcess
from getpass import getuser
from vyos.defaults import commit_lock
if getuser() != 'root':
raise OSError('This functions needs to be run as root to return correct results!')
for proc in process_iter():
try:
files = proc.open_files()
if files:
for f in files:
if f.path == commit_lock:
return True
except NoSuchProcess as err:
# Process died before we could examine it
pass
# Default case
return False
def wait_for_commit_lock():
""" Not to be used in normal op mode scripts! """
from time import sleep
# Very synchronous approach to multiprocessing
while commit_in_progress():
sleep(1)
def ask_input(question, default='', numeric_only=False, valid_responses=[]):
question_out = question
if default:
question_out += f' (Default: {default})'
response = ''
while True:
response = input(question_out + ' ').strip()
if not response and default:
return default
if numeric_only:
if not response.isnumeric():
print("Invalid value, try again.")
continue
response = int(response)
if valid_responses and response not in valid_responses:
print("Invalid value, try again.")
continue
break
return response
def ask_yes_no(question, default=False) -> bool:
"""Ask a yes/no question via input() and return their answer."""
from sys import stdout
default_msg = "[Y/n]" if default else "[y/N]"
while True:
try:
stdout.write("%s %s " % (question, default_msg))
c = input().lower()
if c == '':
return default
elif c in ("y", "ye", "yes"):
return True
elif c in ("n", "no"):
return False
else:
stdout.write("Please respond with yes/y or no/n\n")
except EOFError:
stdout.write("\nPlease respond with yes/y or no/n\n")
def is_admin() -> bool:
"""Look if current user is in sudo group"""
from getpass import getuser
from grp import getgrnam
current_user = getuser()
(_, _, _, admin_group_members) = getgrnam('sudo')
return current_user in admin_group_members
def mac2eui64(mac, prefix=None):
"""
Convert a MAC address to a EUI64 address or, with prefix provided, a full
IPv6 address.
Thankfully copied from https://gist.github.com/wido/f5e32576bb57b5cc6f934e177a37a0d3
"""
import re
from ipaddress import ip_network
# http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4291#section-2.5.1
eui64 = re.sub(r'[.:-]', '', mac).lower()
eui64 = eui64[0:6] + 'fffe' + eui64[6:]
eui64 = hex(int(eui64[0:2], 16) ^ 2)[2:].zfill(2) + eui64[2:]
if prefix is None:
return ':'.join(re.findall(r'.{4}', eui64))
else:
try:
net = ip_network(prefix, strict=False)
euil = int('0x{0}'.format(eui64), 16)
return str(net[euil])
except: # pylint: disable=bare-except
return
def get_half_cpus():
""" return 1/2 of the numbers of available CPUs """
cpu = os.cpu_count()
if cpu > 1:
cpu /= 2
return int(cpu)
def check_kmod(k_mod):
""" Common utility function to load required kernel modules on demand """
from vyos import ConfigError
if isinstance(k_mod, str):
k_mod = k_mod.split()
for module in k_mod:
if not os.path.exists(f'/sys/module/{module}'):
if call(f'modprobe {module}') != 0:
raise ConfigError(f'Loading Kernel module {module} failed')
def find_device_file(device):
""" Recurively search /dev for the given device file and return its full path.
If no device file was found 'None' is returned """
from fnmatch import fnmatch
for root, dirs, files in os.walk('/dev'):
for basename in files:
if fnmatch(basename, device):
return os.path.join(root, basename)
return None
def dict_search(path, my_dict):
""" Traverse Python dictionary (my_dict) delimited by dot (.).
Return value of key if found, None otherwise.
This is faster implementation then jmespath.search('foo.bar', my_dict)"""
if not isinstance(my_dict, dict) or not path:
return None
parts = path.split('.')
inside = parts[:-1]
if not inside:
if path not in my_dict:
return None
return my_dict[path]
c = my_dict
for p in parts[:-1]:
c = c.get(p, {})
return c.get(parts[-1], None)
def dict_search_args(dict_object, *path):
# Traverse dictionary using variable arguments
# Added due to above function not allowing for '.' in the key names
# Example: dict_search_args(some_dict, 'key', 'subkey', 'subsubkey', ...)
if not isinstance(dict_object, dict) or not path:
return None
for item in path:
if item not in dict_object:
return None
dict_object = dict_object[item]
return dict_object
def get_interface_config(interface):
""" Returns the used encapsulation protocol for given interface.
If interface does not exist, None is returned.
"""
if not os.path.exists(f'/sys/class/net/{interface}'):
return None
from json import loads
tmp = loads(cmd(f'ip -d -j link show {interface}'))[0]
return tmp
def get_interface_address(interface):
""" Returns the used encapsulation protocol for given interface.
If interface does not exist, None is returned.
"""
if not os.path.exists(f'/sys/class/net/{interface}'):
return None
from json import loads
tmp = loads(cmd(f'ip -d -j addr show {interface}'))[0]
return tmp
def get_all_vrfs():
""" Return a dictionary of all system wide known VRF instances """
from json import loads
tmp = loads(cmd('ip -j vrf list'))
# Result is of type [{"name":"red","table":1000},{"name":"blue","table":2000}]
# so we will re-arrange it to a more nicer representation:
# {'red': {'table': 1000}, 'blue': {'table': 2000}}
data = {}
for entry in tmp:
name = entry.pop('name')
data[name] = entry
return data
def print_error(str='', end='\n'):
"""
Print `str` to stderr, terminated with `end`.
Used for warnings and out-of-band messages to avoid mangling precious
stdout output.
"""
sys.stderr.write(str)
sys.stderr.write(end)
sys.stderr.flush()
def make_progressbar():
"""
Make a procedure that takes two arguments `done` and `total` and prints a
progressbar based on the ratio thereof, whose length is determined by the
width of the terminal.
"""
import shutil, math
col, _ = shutil.get_terminal_size()
col = max(col - 15, 20)
def print_progressbar(done, total):
if done <= total:
increment = total / col
length = math.ceil(done / increment)
percentage = str(math.ceil(100 * done / total)).rjust(3)
print_error(f'[{length * "#"}{(col - length) * "_"}] {percentage}%', '\r')
# Print a newline so that the subsequent prints don't overwrite the full bar.
if done == total:
print_error()
return print_progressbar
def make_incremental_progressbar(increment: float):
"""
Make a generator that displays a progressbar that grows monotonically with
every iteration.
First call displays it at 0% and every subsequent iteration displays it
at `increment` increments where 0.0 < `increment` < 1.0.
Intended for FTP and HTTP transfers with stateless callbacks.
"""
print_progressbar = make_progressbar()
total = 0.0
while total < 1.0:
print_progressbar(total, 1.0)
yield
total += increment
print_progressbar(1, 1)
# Ignore further calls.
while True:
yield
def is_systemd_service_active(service):
""" Test is a specified systemd service is activated.
Returns True if service is active, false otherwise.
Copied from: https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/435317 """
tmp = cmd(f'systemctl show --value -p ActiveState {service}')
return bool((tmp == 'active'))
def is_systemd_service_running(service):
""" Test is a specified systemd service is actually running.
Returns True if service is running, false otherwise.
Copied from: https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/435317 """
tmp = cmd(f'systemctl show --value -p SubState {service}')
return bool((tmp == 'running'))
def check_port_availability(ipaddress, port, protocol):
"""
Check if port is available and not used by any service
Return False if a port is busy or IP address does not exists
Should be used carefully for services that can start listening
dynamically, because IP address may be dynamic too
"""
from socketserver import TCPServer, UDPServer
from ipaddress import ip_address
# verify arguments
try:
ipaddress = ip_address(ipaddress).compressed
except:
print(f'The {ipaddress} is not a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address')
return
if port not in range(1, 65536):
print(f'The port number {port} is not in the 1-65535 range')
return
if protocol not in ['tcp', 'udp']:
print(
f'The protocol {protocol} is not supported. Only tcp and udp are allowed'
)
return
# check port availability
try:
if protocol == 'tcp':
server = TCPServer((ipaddress, port), None, bind_and_activate=True)
if protocol == 'udp':
server = UDPServer((ipaddress, port), None, bind_and_activate=True)
server.server_close()
return True
except:
print(
f'The {protocol} port {port} on the {ipaddress} is busy or unavailable'
)
return False

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